dc.contributor.author | Smith, Shawn R. | |
dc.contributor.author | Alory, Gaël | |
dc.contributor.author | Andersson, Axel | |
dc.contributor.author | Asher, William | |
dc.contributor.author | Baker, Alex | |
dc.contributor.author | Berry, David I. | |
dc.contributor.author | Drushka, Kyla | |
dc.contributor.author | Figurskey, Darin | |
dc.contributor.author | Freeman, Eric | |
dc.contributor.author | Holthus, Paul | |
dc.contributor.author | Jickells, Tim | |
dc.contributor.author | Kleta, Henry | |
dc.contributor.author | Kent, Elizabeth C. | |
dc.contributor.author | Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas | |
dc.contributor.author | Kramp, Martin | |
dc.contributor.author | Loh, Zoe | |
dc.contributor.author | Poli, Paul | |
dc.contributor.author | Schuster, Ute | |
dc.contributor.author | Steventon, Emma | |
dc.contributor.author | Swart, Sebastiaan | |
dc.contributor.author | Tarasova, Oksana | |
dc.contributor.author | de la Villéon, Loic Petit | |
dc.contributor.author | Vinogradova-Shiffer, Nadya | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-01-03T20:59:05Z | |
dc.date.available | 2020-01-03T20:59:05Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2019 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Smith, S.R., et al (2019) Ship-Based Contributions to Global
Ocean, Weather, and Climate Observing Systems.
Frontiers in Marine Science, 6:434, 26pp. DOI 10.3389/fmars.2019.00434 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11329/1190 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://dx.doi.org/10.25607/OBP-707 | |
dc.description.abstract | The role ships play in atmospheric, oceanic, and biogeochemical observations is
described with a focus on measurements made near the ocean surface. Ships include
merchant and research vessels; cruise liners and ferries; fishing vessels; coast guard,
military, and other government-operated ships; yachts; and a growing fleet of automated
surface vessels. The present capabilities of ships to measure essential climate/ocean
variables and the requirements from a broad community to address operational,
commercial, and scientific needs are described. The authors provide a vision to expand
observations needed from ships to understand and forecast the exchanges across the
ocean–atmosphere interface. The vision addresses (1) recruiting vessels to improve both
spatial and temporal sampling, (2) conducting multivariate sampling on ships, (3) raising
technology readiness levels of automated shipboard sensors and ship-to-shore data
communications, (4) advancing quality evaluation of observations, and (5) developing
a unified data management approach for observations and metadata that meet the
needs of a diverse user community. Recommendations are made focusing on integrating
private and autonomous vessels into the observing system, investing in sensor and
communications technology development, developing an integrated data management
structure that includes all types of ships, and moving toward a quality evaluation
process that will result in a subset of ships being defined as mobile reference ships
that will support climate studies. We envision a future where commercial, research,
and privately owned vessels are making multivariate observations using a combination
of automated and human-observed measurements. All data and metadata will be
documented, tracked, evaluated, distributed, and archived to benefit users of marine
data. This vision looks at ships as a holistic network, not a set of disparate commercial,
research, and/or third-party activities working in isolation, to bring these communities
together for the mutual benefit of all. | en_US |
dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
dc.rights | Attribution 4.0 International | * |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | * |
dc.subject.other | Volunteer ships | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Ships of Opportunity | en_US |
dc.title | Ship-Based Contributions to Global Ocean, Weather, and Climate Observing Systems. | en_US |
dc.type | Journal Contribution | en_US |
dc.description.refereed | Refereed | en_US |
dc.format.pagerange | 26pp. | en_US |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.3389/fmars.2019.00434 | |
dc.subject.parameterDiscipline | Parameter Discipline::Physical oceanography::Other physical oceanographic measurements | en_US |
dc.subject.parameterDiscipline | Parameter Discipline::Atmosphere::Meteorology | en_US |
dc.subject.dmProcesses | Data Management Practices::Data processing | en_US |
dc.bibliographicCitation.title | Frontiers in Marine Science | en_US |
dc.bibliographicCitation.volume | 6 | en_US |
dc.bibliographicCitation.issue | Article 434 | en_US |
dc.description.sdg | 14 | en_US |
dc.description.bptype | Manual (incl. handbook, guide, cookbook etc) | en_US |
dc.description.frontiers | 2018-11-09 | |
obps.contact.contactemail | smith@coaps.fsu.edu | |
obps.resourceurl.publisher | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2019.00434/full | en_US |