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Appendix 5. Autopsy and cleaning of reverse osmosis elements affected by harmful algal bloom-contaminated seawater.

Peña, Nuria; Chesters, Steve; Dixon, Mike B.; Boerlage, Siobhan F. E. (Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, France, 2017)

Following an algal bloom, if a change is observed in the reverse osmosis (RO) performance, an initial visual plant inspection should be carried out, including looking at and removing cartridge filters and membrane elements ...

Appendix 1. Algal species potentially harmful to desalinitation operations.

Borkman, David G.; Anderson, Donald M. (Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, France, 2017)

It is now well established that harmful algal blooms (HABs) represent a serious and growing threat to seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plants worldwide. In many plants, these threats are indirectly monitored ...