dc.contributor.author | Hannay, David E. | |
dc.contributor.author | Li, Zizheng | |
dc.contributor.author | Mouy, Xavier | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2023-02-15T20:57:30Z | |
dc.date.available | 2023-02-15T20:57:30Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2016 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Hannay, D.E., Li, Z. and Mouy. X. (2016) An automated real-time vessel sound measurement system for calculating monopole source levels using a modified version of ANSI/ASA S12.64-2009. Canadian Acoustics, 44(3), 2pp. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25607/OBP-1883 | en_US |
dc.identifier.uri | https://repository.oceanbestpractices.org/handle/11329/2138 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://dx.doi.org/10.25607/OBP-1883 | |
dc.description.abstract | Underwater noise from vessels permeates many of the
world’s oceans. While vessel sound emissions are at levels
typically below those that would be acutely injurious to
marine fauna, this noise can interfere with normal use of
sounds, such as for prey and predator detection,
socialization and mate attraction. Exposures to vessel noise
over extended times, especially in key habitat areas, is likely
to lead to chronic adverse effects including reduced feeding
efficiency and difficulty finding mates.
Assessments of the effects of shipping noise on marine
fauna often use acoustic propagation models to predict the
levels of sound exposure. These models require accurate
vessel sound emission source levels. American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) standard S12.64-2009
(reaffirmed in 2014) describes procedures for measuring
underwater sound from ships. The standard deals with
radiated noise level (RNL) source levels that assume 20
Log(r) transmission loss (TL) between the vessel positions
and the measurement hydrophones. That approach does not
account for interference from surface and seabed reflections.
Most acoustic models directly account for these effects, and
therefore require monopole source levels (MSL). MSL
assumes all acoustic energy originates at a single point in
the water, at a specified depth.
Few fully systematic measurements of source levels of
large commercial vessels are available. A few recent studies
have published source levels obtained from large numbers
of vessel passes, but those measurements are typically partly
opportunistic, with hydrophones in shallow water or located
several kilometers distance from the vessel paths. Also,
most of the existing published measurements report RNL
but not MSL.
The Strait of Georgia Underwater Listening Station
(ULS) and JASCO Applied Science’s PortListenTM
processing software were designed to obtain systematic
measurements of large numbers of vessels in relatively deep
water (173 m). The system reports RNL measurements in
approximate conformance with ANSI/ASA S12.64 (2009)
Grade-A processing but with Grade-C geometry and noting
only single vessel passes are acquired per transit. MSL
calculations are made similarly but with a modified backpropagation
method. | en_US |
dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Noise effects | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Shipping noise | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Underwater noise | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Underwater acoustics | en_US |
dc.subject.other | Underwater sound | |
dc.subject.other | Sound measurement | |
dc.title | An automated real-time vessel sound measurement system for calculating monopole source levels using a modified version of ANSI/ASA S12.64-2009. | en_US |
dc.type | Journal Contribution | en_US |
dc.description.refereed | Refereed | en_US |
dc.format.pagerange | 2pp. | en_US |
dc.subject.parameterDiscipline | Human activity | en_US |
dc.bibliographicCitation.title | Canadian Acoustics | en_US |
dc.bibliographicCitation.volume | 44 | en_US |
dc.bibliographicCitation.issue | 3 | en_US |
dc.description.sdg | 14.a | en_US |
dc.description.eov | Ocean sound | en_US |
dc.description.maturitylevel | Mature | en_US |
dc.description.adoption | Validated (tested by third parties) | en_US |
dc.description.methodologyType | Reports with methodological relevance | en_US |
obps.contact.contactemail | Zizheng.Li@jasco.com | |
obps.resourceurl.publisher | https://jcaa.caa-aca.ca/index.php/jcaa/article/view/3002 | |