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Guidelines on the determination of chlorinated hydrocarbons in sediment.
(HELCOM, Helsinki, Finland, 2017)
These guidelines are based on the review from Smedes and de Boer (1994, 1998) and Eljarrat and Barceló (2009).
The analysis of chlorinated hydrocarbons in sediments generally involves extraction with organic solvents, ...
Guidelines for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in sediment.
(HELCOM, Helsinki, Finland, 2017)
This Technical note provides advice on the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in total marine sediments, sieved fractions, and suspended particulate matter. The analysis of PAH compounds in sediments basically ...
Guidelines for the determination of persistent organic compounds (POPs) in seawater.
(HELCOM, Helsinki, Finland, 2017)
These guidelines concentrate on the sampling and extraction of lipophilic persistent organic pollutants from seawater and also address special aspects of the sampling matrix. Those pollutants comprise the group of polycyclic ...
Guidelines for determination of salinity and temperature using CTD.
(HELCOM, Helsinki, Finland, 2017)
Salinity
Measurements based on electrical conductivity have since the 1960s replaced measurements of chlorinity.
The Practical Salinity Scale of 1978 (PSS-78) presently used, has been defined to maintain a continuity ...
Guidelines for non-indigenous species monitoring by extended Rapid Assessment Survey (eRAS).
(HELCOM, Helsinki, Finland, 2017)
The human-mediated introduction and establishment of non-indigenous species (NIS) in the marine environment are of worldwide concern. The main vectors for species introduction are maritime transport by either transport of ...
Guidelines for monitoring of water transparency (Secchi depth).
(HELCOM, Helsinki, Finland, 2017)
Water transparency serves as an index for the trophic state of a water body. It reflects eutrophication through changes in the phytoplankton abundance; increase in the ambient nutrient status in the water leads to higher ...
Guidelines for monitoring of turbidity.
(HELCOM, Helsinki, Finland, 2017)
Turbidity estimates the impact of light scattering due to particles on the level of light attenuation in the water column. It is affected by total suspended solids (i.e., organic and inorganic particles) in the water, and ...
Guidelines for sampling and determination of ammonium.
(HELCOM, Helsinki, Finland, 2017)
Dissolved inorganic nitrogen is present in seawater both as nitrite, nitrate and ammonium. As a complement to the overall assessment of nutrient status, detailed information on the distribution of different species must ...
Guidelines for sampling and determination of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in Seawater.
(HELCOM, Helsinki, Finland, 2017)
Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas that readily dissolves in water. The sulphide is formed in stagnant waters, where the oxygen has been consumed by bacteria oxidizing organic matter to carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic ...
Guidelines for sampling and determination of nitrate
(HELCOM, Helsinki, Finland, 2017)
Dissolved inorganic nitrogen is present in seawater both as nitrite, nitrate and ammonium. As a complement to the overall assessment of nutrient status, detailed information on the distribution of different species must ...