Ice-tethered ocean profiling systems are an essential tool for the year-round observation of physical and biogeochemical properties of the Arctic Ocean. Despite being considered expendable equipment due to the challenging ...

Renewed political and commercial interest in the resources of the Arctic, the reduction in the extent and thickness of sea ice, and the recent failings that led to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, have prompted industry ...

This document provides snapshot of the WMO Sea Ice Nomenclature (WMO No. 259, Volume 1 – Terminology and Codes, Volume II – Illustrated Glossary and III – International System of Sea-Ice Symbols) by March 2014 (5th Session ...

Oil spills resulting from maritime accidents pose a poorly understood risk to the Arctic environment. We propose a novel probabilistic method to quantitatively assess these risks. Our method accounts for spatiotemporally ...

Two types of optimization methods were applied to a parameter optimization problem in a coupled ocean-sea ice model of the Arctic, and applicability and efficiency of the respective methods were examined. One optimization ...

Electronic Navigation Charts (ENC) and Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) are becoming widely available on ships navigating in icy waters and it is necessary to provide ice data in a form that can be ...

This document describes two separate colour codes for use on ice charts: the first one based on total concentration (CT) intended for use when the stage of development is relatively uniform but concentration is highly ...