NOAA NOS CO-OPS Miscelleneous Publications
https://repository.oceanbestpractices.org/handle/11329/584
2024-03-29T08:10:25ZWave Measurements from Radar Tide Gauges.
https://repository.oceanbestpractices.org/handle/11329/1358
Wave Measurements from Radar Tide Gauges.
Fiorentino, Laura A.; Heitsenrether, Robert; Krug, Warren
Currently the NOAA Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services
(CO-OPS) is transitioning the primary water level sensor at most NWLON stations,
from an acoustic ranging system, to microwave radars. With no stilling well and higher
resolution of the open sea surface, microwave radars have the potential to provide
real-time wave measurements at NWLON sites. Radar sensors at tide stations may
offer a low cost, convenient way to increase nearshore wave observational coverage
throughout the U.S. to support navigational safety and ocean research applications. Here
we present the results of a field study, comparing wave height measurements from four
radar water level sensors, with two different signal types (pulse and continuous wave
swept frequencymodulation-CWFM). A nearby bottomacoustic wave and current sensor
is used as a reference. An overview of field setup and sensors will be presented, along
with an analysis of performance capabilities of each radar sensor. The study includes
results from two successive field tests. In the first, we examine the performance from
a pulse microwave radar (WaterLOG H-3611) and two CWFM (Miros SM-94 and Miros
SM-140). While both types of radars tracked significant wave height well over the test
period, the pulse radar had less success resolving high frequency wind wave energy
and showed a high level of noise toward the low frequency end of the spectrum. The
pulse WaterLOG radar limitations were most apparent during times of high winds and
locally developing seas. The CWFM radars demonstrated greater capability to resolve
those higher frequency energies, while avoiding low frequency noise. The initial field
test results motivated a second field test, focused on the comparison of wave height
measurements from two pulse radar water level sensors, the WaterLOG H3611 and the
Endress and Hauser Micropilot FMR240. Significant wave height measurements from
both radar water level sensors compared well to reference AWAC measurements over
the test period, but once again the WaterLOG radar did not adequately resolve wind
wave energy in high frequency bands and showed a high level of noise toward the low
frequency end of the spectrum. The E+H radar demonstrated greater capability to resolve
those higher frequency energies while avoiding the low frequency aliasing issue observed
in the WaterLOG.
2019-01-01T00:00:00ZOcean Systems Test and Evaluation Program Data Communications Plan.
https://repository.oceanbestpractices.org/handle/11329/600
Ocean Systems Test and Evaluation Program Data Communications Plan.
Graff, Tammy; Sprenke, James; Bushnell, Mark
Programmatic requirements and data communi
cation technology are changing very rapidly,
making it difficult but necessary for
CO-OPS to effectively plan for the future. The systems that
are currently used for primary and secondary
data communications include geostationary
operational environmental satellites (GOES), tele
phone lines, line-of-sight radios, and Internet
protocol (IP) modems. Most of our current
data communication needs are being met by GOES;
however, larger data sets (such as those acqui
red by the acoustic Doppler
current profilers or
ADCP), as well as more frequent transmissions, ha
ve increased the need for a secondary satellite
communications system. These operational demands
, along with resource constraints, drive the
data communications system requirements, which include:
2006-01-01T00:00:00ZInformation Systems Branch PORTS Uniform Flat File Format (PUFFF). Revision 4.
https://repository.oceanbestpractices.org/handle/11329/599
Information Systems Branch PORTS Uniform Flat File Format (PUFFF). Revision 4.
Evans, Michael; French, Geoffrey; Bethem, Thomas
Users of the Physical Oceanographic Real-Time System (PORTS) have requested access
to PORTS information in a form that can be used as input to their own real-time
applications. Until now, only a subset of data was displayed and available to the user. For example, only a single selected bin of ADCP data is reported/displayed via the PORTSscreen, although many other bins are in fact collected, processed and available. The following is a suite of files and their descriptions that can be accessed to retrieve all of the
PORTS observations as site-independent, flat, ASCII files in real time.
2003-01-01T00:00:00ZThe National Tidal Datum Convention of 1980.
https://repository.oceanbestpractices.org/handle/11329/598
The National Tidal Datum Convention of 1980.
Hicks, Steacy D.
1980-01-01T00:00:00ZManual of tide observations.
https://repository.oceanbestpractices.org/handle/11329/597
Manual of tide observations.
Contains instructions for observing and recording the rise and fall of the tide and for making necessary reductions to determine the datum planes and the nonharmonic quantities published in the tide tables.
1965-01-01T00:00:00ZSensor Specifications and Measurement Algorithms.
https://repository.oceanbestpractices.org/handle/11329/596
Sensor Specifications and Measurement Algorithms.
Environmental Measurement Systems.
2015-01-01T00:00:00ZNext Generation Water Level Measurement System (NGWLMS) Site Design, Preparation, and Installation Manual.
https://repository.oceanbestpractices.org/handle/11329/595
Next Generation Water Level Measurement System (NGWLMS) Site Design, Preparation, and Installation Manual.
Edwing, Richard F.
The implementation of the NGWLMS in the NWLON and other data collection program
networks, represents a fundamental change in how the Branch accomplishes its functions.
The NGWLMS, when fully implemented, replaces the predecessor technologies for data
collection, data transmission, data quality control, data processing and analysis, data
dissemination, and data base management with state-of-the-art systems.
This document contains the procedures and guidelines required to establish a standard
NGWLMS site. This document focuses mainly on establishing a NGWLMS at existing
NWLON locations, however, the procedures and guidelines can be easily adapted to new
locations.
1991-01-01T00:00:00ZUnderstanding tides.
https://repository.oceanbestpractices.org/handle/11329/594
Understanding tides.
Hicks, Steacy Dopp
This book presents an elementary explanation of tides and tidal
datums. It is written to explain the natural phenomenon of tides in terms
and concepts readily understandable by students as well as those in all
walks of life merely wishing to be
enriched by additional knowledge of
their environment. Also, scientists in fields other than physical
oceanography and astronomy may wish to
use the book as a primer to the
fundamentals of tidal theory. Although
not at all essential to a complete
understanding of tides, a mathematical development of the tide-generating
forces is provided.
Chapter 10 Tidal Datums should be of particular interest to coastal
zone managers, coastal engineers, geologists specializing in beach
processes, attorneys concerned with boundary litigation, and legislators (at
all government levels) representing marine activities and jurisdictions
adjacent to the sea. Finally, it is hoped that new employees in the tides and
tidal datum areas of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration will find
this book a very helpful introduction to their
careers.
The term tide is often restricted to th
e vertical rise and fall of the water
usually occurring twice in
a little more than a day. This rise and fall are
best observed on a breakwater or on the
piles of a pier. When the water is
viewed near the time of its lowest poi
nt, called low tide or low water, the
extent of marine growth and discoloration indicates the general range of
the vertical excursion. The tidal range varies, from place to place over
time, from almost nothing to many feet.
With tides on a sloping beach, the water moves up the beach landward
and down the beach seaward. Similarly, but on a grander scale, it moves
inland and then seaward across the sloping mud flats and marshes of
estuaries as the tide alternately rises and falls.
The horizontal component of this phenomenon is called the tidal
current. It is best seen at an inlet connecting the ocean with a barrier
sound. The tidal current floods and then ebbs with slack waters in
between. At any particular location, the high and low tides; together with
the floods, ebbs, and slacks of the tidal
current; have a particular sequence
of occurrence with near constant time intervals between each other.
The tide (in its restricted sense) and
tidal current are both integral parts
of one major phenomenon that will be called hereafter, the tide. Tides
2
should be thought of as being in the form of waves. These waves are
thousands of miles in length. Their crests are the high tides, their troughs,
the low tides, and the horizontal component of the water particles that
make up the wave, the tidal currents. To complicate the matter, these
waves combine to reinforce or interfere with each other in varying
amounts, partially contributing to the wide differences in tidal
characteristics as actually observed.
The tide is fundamentally caused by gravitational interactions between
the sun, moon, and earth. These interactions of the gravitational forces are
the same as those causing the moon and earth to remain in their respective
orbits.
It is often said of science that the ability to predict a natural event is
indicative of understanding. Since tides are one of the most accurately
predictable natural phenomena, it follows from the axiom that the tide is
truly understood. Nothing could be further from the truth. The sciences of
astronomy and geophysics provide very accurate quantitative
determinations of the tide-generating forces on the earth. The science of
physical oceanography provides a detailed understanding of wave
dynamics and the response of the ocean to the tide-generating forces.
The Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services
(CO-OPS) of the National Ocean Service (NOS), National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides very accurate measurements of the tide over time at numerous locations throughout the United States and its territories. But, between the fundamental tide
producing forces and the observed tide at a particular place and time, there
is a vast area of numerous unknowns that will be referred to as terrestrial
factors. Some of the factors that the unknowns are associated ...
2006-01-01T00:00:00ZComputer applications to the tides in the National Ocean Survey: supplement to Manual of harmonic analysis and prediction of tides (Special Publication 98)
https://repository.oceanbestpractices.org/handle/11329/593
Computer applications to the tides in the National Ocean Survey: supplement to Manual of harmonic analysis and prediction of tides (Special Publication 98)
Zetler, Bernard D,
1982-01-01T00:00:00ZManual of Harmonic Analysis and Prediction of Tides. [ Revised 1940 edition reprinted 1958 with corrections, reprinted 2001]
https://repository.oceanbestpractices.org/handle/11329/592
Manual of Harmonic Analysis and Prediction of Tides. [ Revised 1940 edition reprinted 1958 with corrections, reprinted 2001]
Schureman, Paul
This volume was designed primarily as a working manual for the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey and describes the procedure used in this office for the harmonic analysis and prediction of tides and tidal currents...
1958-01-01T00:00:00Z